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   為貫徹落實黨的十九大關于“健(jian)全貨幣政策(ce)和宏觀(guan)審慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政策(ce)雙支柱調(diao)控(kong)框架”的重大決策(ce)部署，完(wan)善宏觀(guan)審慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政策(ce)治理(li)機(ji)制，提高防范化解(jie)系統性(xing)金融風(feng)險的能力(li)，近日，中國(guo)人(ren)民銀行發布《宏觀(guan)審慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政策(ce)指引（試行）》（以下簡稱《指引》）。《指引》從我國(guo)實際出(chu)發，明確了建(jian)立健全(quan)我國(guo)宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀審慎(shen)(shen)政策(ce)(ce)框(kuang)架(jia)的要(yao)(yao)素。主要(yao)(yao)包括：一是界定了宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀審慎(shen)(shen)政策(ce)(ce)相關概(gai)念，包括宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀審慎(shen)(shen)政策(ce)(ce)框(kuang)架(jia)、系統性金融風(feng)險(xian)、宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀審慎(shen)(shen)管理工作機制(zhi)等；二是闡述了宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀審慎(shen)(shen)政策(ce)(ce)框(kuang)架(jia)的主要(yao)(yao)內容，包括宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀審慎(shen)(shen)政策(ce)(ce)目標、系統性金融風(feng)險(xian)評估、宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀審慎(shen)(shen)政策(ce)(ce)工具、傳導機制(zhi)和(he)治(zhi)理機制(zhi)等；三是提(ti)出(chu)了實施好宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀審慎(shen)(shen)政策(ce)(ce)所(suo)需的支持保障和(he)政策(ce)(ce)協(xie)調要(yao)(yao)求。發(fa)(fa)布《指(zhi)引》是建立健全(quan)我國(guo)宏(hong)觀審(shen)慎政策框架的(de)重要舉措，有助于構建運(yun)行順暢的(de)宏(hong)觀審(shen)慎治理機制，推動(dong)形(xing)成統(tong)籌協調的(de)系統(tong)性金(jin)融(rong)風險防(fang)范(fan)化解體系，促進金(jin)融(rong)體系健康(kang)發(fa)(fa)展。

   下一(yi)步，人民銀(yin)行(xing)將按照《指引》構(gou)建的總體框架，認(ren)真履(lv)行(xing)宏觀(guan)審(shen)慎(shen)(shen)管理牽頭職(zhi)責，不斷完善宏觀(guan)審(shen)慎(shen)(shen)政(zheng)策框架，推(tui)動宏觀(guan)審(shen)慎(shen)(shen)政(zheng)策落地見效，守(shou)住(zhu)不發生系統性金融風險底線。

   中國(guo)人民銀行(xing)有(you)關(guan)部門負責人就(jiu)《宏觀審慎政策指引（試行(xing)）》答(da)記(ji)者(zhe)問(wen)

   問:《指引》出臺(tai)的(de)背景是什(shen)么？

   答：宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)慎(shen)(shen)政(zheng)策具備“宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)、逆周期、防(fang)傳染”的(de)(de)視角，在防(fang)范化(hua)解(jie)系統(tong)(tong)性(xing)金(jin)融(rong)風險方面發(fa)(fa)揮著關(guan)鍵(jian)作用，這是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際社會反思2008年(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)(de)廣泛共識和危(wei)機(ji)后(hou)主(zhu)要經濟(ji)體的(de)(de)普遍實踐。近年(nian)來，主(zhu)要國(guo)(guo)(guo)際組織就建(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)慎(shen)(shen)政(zheng)策框(kuang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)發(fa)(fa)布了一系列標準(zhun)和最佳實踐，主(zhu)要國(guo)(guo)(guo)家也先后(hou)構建(jian)了宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)慎(shen)(shen)政(zheng)策框(kuang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)。黨(dang)中央、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院高(gao)度重(zhong)視防(fang)范化(hua)解(jie)系統(tong)(tong)性(xing)金(jin)融(rong)風險工(gong)作，要求(qiu)“關(guan)口前移”。第五(wu)次全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)金(jin)融(rong)工(gong)作會議明確要求(qiu)人民銀行牽頭建(jian)立宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)慎(shen)(shen)管(guan)理(li)框(kuang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)。黨(dang)的(de)(de)十九大強調要“健全(quan)(quan)貨幣(bi)政(zheng)策和宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)慎(shen)(shen)政(zheng)策雙支柱調控框(kuang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)”。制定出臺《指引》是(shi)立足我國(guo)(guo)(guo)實際，結(jie)合國(guo)(guo)(guo)際經驗(yan)，落實黨(dang)中央、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院健全(quan)(quan)宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)慎(shen)(shen)政(zheng)策框(kuang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)、防(fang)范化(hua)解(jie)系統(tong)(tong)性(xing)金(jin)融(rong)風險決策部署的(de)(de)重(zhong)要舉措(cuo)。

   問:制定《指引(yin)》的主(zhu)要思(si)路是什么(me)？

   答(da)：宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)理(li)念(nian)和實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐屬(shu)于新領域(yu)，各界對(dui)宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)認(ren)識仍在(zai)持續深(shen)化，主要(yao)經濟體(ti)的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)踐還在(zai)不斷發(fa)展。切實(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)揮宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)在(zai)防(fang)范(fan)(fan)系統性(xing)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)風(feng)險方面(mian)的(de)重要(yao)作(zuo)用，需要(yao)做好宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)頂層設計，搭建好基本(ben)框(kuang)架(jia)并增強透明度，為具體(ti)開(kai)展宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)管(guan)(guan)理(li)工作(zuo)打好基礎(chu)(chu)，推動宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)可(ke)理(li)解、可(ke)落地、可(ke)操作(zuo)。《指引》明確(que)了建立健全我(wo)國(guo)宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)框(kuang)架(jia)的(de)要(yao)素，闡述了我(wo)國(guo)開(kai)展宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)思路(lu)、原則(ze)及框(kuang)架(jia)，有利于增強市場主體(ti)對(dui)宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的(de)認(ren)識和理(li)解，在(zai)系統性(xing)風(feng)險防(fang)范(fan)(fan)方面(mian)凝聚共識、加強統籌協(xie)調，進一步夯實(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)范(fan)(fan)化解系統性(xing)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)風(feng)險的(de)基礎(chu)(chu)。

   問:《指(zhi)引》的(de)主要(yao)內容有哪些？

   答(da)：《指引》共九章(zhang)三十八條，主要內容(rong)包括：一(yi)是厘清宏觀(guan)(guan)審慎(shen)政(zheng)(zheng)策相關(guan)概念(nian)。界(jie)定(ding)(ding)了(le)宏觀(guan)(guan)審慎(shen)政(zheng)(zheng)策框架、系統性金融風險、宏觀(guan)(guan)審慎(shen)管理工作機制等相關(guan)定(ding)(ding)義。二是(shi)闡述宏(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政(zheng)策(ce)框架(jia)的具(ju)體(ti)內容(rong)。包(bao)括：明(ming)確了(le)宏(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政(zheng)策(ce)目(mu)標，即防(fang)范系(xi)統性(xing)金(jin)融風險，尤(you)其是防(fang)止系(xi)統性(xing)金(jin)融風險順(shun)周(zhou)期(qi)累積以及跨(kua)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、跨(kua)行業、跨(kua)市場和(he)跨(kua)境傳染，提(ti)高金(jin)融體(ti)系(xi)韌(ren)性(xing)和(he)穩健(jian)性(xing)，降低金(jin)融危機(ji)(ji)發生的可能性(xing)和(he)破壞性(xing)，促進金(jin)融體(ti)系(xi)的整(zheng)體(ti)健(jian)康與(yu)穩定；概述了(le)宏(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政(zheng)策(ce)主要應(ying)對的系(xi)統性(xing)金(jin)融風險類別及監測評(ping)估機(ji)(ji)制；劃(hua)分(fen)了(le)宏(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政(zheng)策(ce)可包(bao)含的主要工具(ju)，制定了(le)工具(ju)啟(qi)用、校準和(he)調(diao)整(zheng)流程(cheng)；明(ming)確了(le)宏(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政(zheng)策(ce)的治(zhi)理(li)機(ji)(ji)制等。三是提出宏觀審慎政策實(shi)施所需的(de)支(zhi)持(chi)保障(zhang)，闡(chan)釋宏觀審慎政策與(yu)(yu)其(qi)他政策，特(te)別是與(yu)(yu)貨(huo)幣政策、微觀審慎監管(guan)的(de)協調配(pei)合(he)。

   問:人民銀行下一步推動宏(hong)觀(guan)審慎管理的(de)工作考慮？

   答：《指引》重在(zai)闡明人(ren)民銀(yin)行(xing)健全宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政策(ce)框架(jia)(jia)、完善(shan)宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)治理機(ji)制(zhi)的思路及原則。下一步，人(ren)民銀(yin)行(xing)將按(an)照黨中央、國務(wu)院的決策(ce)部署，按(an)照《指引》構(gou)建的總體框架(jia)(jia)，認真履行(xing)宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)管理牽頭(tou)職責，會同(tong)各相關(guan)(guan)部門(men)，統籌好發展(zhan)與(yu)安全的關(guan)(guan)系(xi)，結合宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政策(ce)在(zai)我國的具體實(shi)踐和(he)(he)(he)形勢發展(zhan)需要，不(bu)斷(duan)完善(shan)宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政策(ce)框架(jia)(jia)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)系(xi)統性金(jin)融風險(xian)監測、評估和(he)(he)(he)預警，豐富和(he)(he)(he)優化(hua)宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政策(ce)工(gong)具，探索完善(shan)宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政策(ce)治理機(ji)制(zhi)，加強(qiang)(qiang)系(xi)統重要性金(jin)融機(ji)構(gou)和(he)(he)(he)金(jin)融控股公司(si)監管，做(zuo)好宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政策(ce)與(yu)其他政策(ce)的協調配合，推動宏(hong)(hong)(hong)觀(guan)(guan)審(shen)慎(shen)(shen)(shen)政策(ce)落(luo)地見(jian)效，切(qie)實(shi)提高我國系(xi)統性金(jin)融風險(xian)防范化(hua)解能力。